Golf-Related Injuries to the Hand, Wrist or Elbow

Many people think of golf as a low-injury sport. However, swinging a golf club involves a series of complex and coordinated movements, and it is essential to stretch and warm up properly before playing to minimize the risk of injury. In addition to overuse and improper mechanics, golf injuries can result from a direct blow, such as striking a tree root with the club.

Some hand, wrist and elbow injuries that can affect golfers of all skill levels include:

Medial Epicondylitis

Also known as golfer’s elbow, medial epicondylitis is a type of tendinitis that affects the inner side of the elbow at the point where the tendons of the forearm muscles attach to the bony prominence of the joint (medial epicondyle). Repeatedly swinging a golf club or using an incorrect grip or hand position can cause the tendons to become irritated and inflamed. Medial epicondylitis usually improves with conservative treatment, which may include a brief period of rest, medications, a wrist splint or counterforce elbow brace, physical therapy and/or injections.

Wrist Tendinitis

Many golfers develop tendinitis of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon in the wrist. In addition to repetitive use, wrist tendinitis can result from poor form. For instance, the wrists should be hinged at the top of the golf swing, and unhinging them too early on the downswing (casting) can injure the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon and lead to chronic wrist pain. Mild cases of wrist tendinitis often resolve after a few weeks of rest, hot/cold therapy and over-the-counter pain relievers. To limit wrist motion and reduce stress on the joint, a wrist brace can be worn during the day. In severe cases, physical therapy or injections may be considered.

Hook of the Hamate Wrist Fractures

A wedge-shaped bone on the pinky side of the wrist, the hamate has a narrow projection (hook) on the palm side of the hand. During a golf swing, the hook can break or crack if the club hits the ground and forces the handle against the palm. A simple hamate fracture may be treated with a cast or splint worn for approximately six weeks to immobilize the wrist as the bone heals. Afterward, hand therapy can help restore range of motion. If the injury does not respond to conservative treatment, surgery may be considered to remove the broken hook and smooth the rough edges of the hamate.

Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome

A major blood vessel (the ulnar artery) runs underneath the hypothenar muscles on the pinky side of the outer palm. If the hypothenar area is struck repeatedly (“hammered”) by a golf club, the walls of the ulnar artery may stretch and weaken. As a result, the artery may become enlarged, which can cause the blood to flow irregularly or clot. Treatment for hypothenar hammer syndrome can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some golfers benefit from modifying their golf grip or swing. On the other hand, a blood clot that disrupts circulation to the hand and fingers is a surgical emergency.

If you would like to learn more about golf-related injuries to the hand, wrist or elbow, contact Nirschl Orthopaedic Center at (703) 525-2200 to schedule an appointment with a specialist in Arlington, VA.